The M6.5 earthquakes affected mostly the far western portion of Nepal mainly Baitadhi, Bajhang and Darchula. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. [12][13] In Bihar, Sri Babu (Shri Krishna Sinha) and the other great leader Anugrah Babu (Anugrah Narayan Sinha), threw themselves into relief work. Theres never any convenient time for any. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw ~7.7) and. Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. S. K. BANERJI . generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. When constructed c.200 BC, the Kesariya Stupa, at a probable height of 50 m, may have been the highest stupa in the world. A.. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Soc. Res. 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. Soc. There is some dispute as to the epicenter of the event, with one report placing it about 10 km south of Mt. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. Floods were there in the rivers carrying dirty waters. Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. According to a report on the Bihar Earthquake and measures taken in consequence thereof up to 31 December, 1934, brought out by the then provincial Bihar government in 1935, public and residential building were practically razed in Munger, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur districts. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Springer, Singapore. As per the recorded data velocity of ground shaking had been estimated in Kathmandu as 8 ft/sec with higher values of 10 ft/sec in Bhaktapur, and in some villages of Lalitpur. This is not an exception. Roads were tom and alignments were changed. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. The epicentre for this ISSN 1476-4687 (online) These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian himalaya. Current Science, 69, 101127. . Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. 483, pp. Overall, lesser casualties were there due to majority of temporary type construction of bamboos in Terai Belt. Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Bilham, R. (1995). Though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement was possible after the earthquake, and none has been attempted subsequently. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. and JavaScript. A low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of Bihar on Monday night, though no damage was reported. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. John Rundle is a Distinguished Professor of Physics Google Scholar. The town of Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked. Read John's blog. January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. Bull. (2019). The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 5, 2244. 46 10.1016/S0065-2687(03)46001-9. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. Soc. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Earth quake cause landslides f Effects Seismic sea waves (TUSNAMIS) f Effects Damage to human life and structures f Effects Faults, thrust and folds f Other Effects More devastating fires Change in surface drainage and underground circulation of water Depression forming lakes fDistribution f Distribution About 60 % of all It is peculiar that the effect of the Great Earthquake on the economic condition of the common man was, however, not bad. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. Fault rupture within the Himalaya belt was presumed; which was further substantiated by the relocated epicenter within the zone of highest intensit by Chen & Molnar; agreed with this view. Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement 1942 : In Numbers. Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. Am. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. 1. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. Almeida, V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A., & Sapkota, S. N. (2018). In Balaju and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. Floods If the earthquake happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the damage is multiplied. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Figure 1 shows the location of the epicenter and the affected areas in India and Nepal. Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Jorganesh Press. Everest. Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. Geol. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. Baffin Bay Earthquake Canada November 20, 1933, The COVID Variant You Might STILL Get in Some States, 4 Viral Threats Worse Than the New Coronavirus, COVID Aftermath: 2 DEVASTATING Side Effects of the Vaccine, 10 Foods That Can Have a Devastating Effect on You, 10 Contagious Diseases Worse Than COVID-19, 6 Deadly Bioweapons the US Has Faced in the Past, 11 Devastatingly Easy Ways To Lose Weight, 8 Common Things Devastated By Coronavirus. . Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India, Indian states' electricity transition (SET) . Sukhija, B. S., Rao, M. N., Reddy, D. V., Nagabhushanam, P., Kumar, D., Lakshmi, B. V., & Sharma, P. (2002). Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. 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