how to date a stiffel lamp

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For example, just as there are Stiffel lamps in floor lamp, table lamp and desk lamp sizes, there are Stiffel lamps that are modern, classic, antique and other styles to suit a variety of decors. Its pure brass and coated with ivory-like paint giving it extra class to perfectly adorn any space. I see Stiffel lamps on Ebay that people are saying were designed by Tommi Parzinger. Join us as we unveil how this Chicago company founded in 1932 by Ted Stiffel has managed to remain a classic till this day. You wouldn't believe me if I told you aStiffel Table Lamp for only $300 ends up costing less than $6 a year when you factor in a lifetime of use! Vintage Stiffel lamps are luxurious and historical. A talented craftsman, Ted Stiffel had a background in fine arts that gave him a unique ability to design innovative and intelligently crafted lamps, which were also beautiful to behold. I will deal with the other 15% in just a minute. It takes up to a week,from pouring the initial cast to polishing off the last imperfection,to make the perfect product get the Stiffel Lamps Seal. Stiffel lamps weigh depending on their design. Not only does this reduce the quality, but it also defeats the artistic purpose. Step 1. A perfect example of a Stiffel contemporary table lamp that can be mixed and matched to fit any style of home or even individual room that has a more contemporary feel. The Stiffel company usually stamped foil labels on the hollow of their lamp shades with the appellation Stiffel or Stiffel Lamp Company boldly inscribed on it. Metals used include pewter, bronze, brass and silver. If you know what you are looking for, click on one and get your answer right away, or if you want to know everything there is to know about Stiffel Table Lamps and why LampsUSA values them so much, then read the whole article. Retouched items with materials different from the original are also undervalued. But if for some crazy reason the lamp or lamps set you choose isn't EXACTLYwhat you wanted,LampsUSA will let you return or exchange them. After the war, TedStiffel went back to doing what he does best, designing and manufacturing high quality, one-of-a-kind lamps. Although a few Stiffel lamps followed the bulky Gothic styles in use during the 1930s, most of his lamps have a lean, sculptured and well-balanced appearance. Keep in mind: shipping carrier delays or placing an order on a weekend or holiday may push this date. Pair of Brass Stiffel Lamps, with pineapple Pair of Brass Stiffel Lamps, with pineapple decoration and ribbed shaft, ht. Old House Journal reports that many early 20th-century lighting fixtures were made of brass, typically finished with a coat of lacquer. Below are two types of nickel that are described above. We've recently updated the Chairish, Inc. Luckily for you, if you decide to get your Stiffel Lamps or Lamp Shades from LampsUSA then you can always rest assured because we offer: So if you don't get it right the first time LampsUSA will stick with you until you find exactly the right Stiffel Lamps for whatever room you are searching for. A near-mint condition item equals extra bucks and accurate pricing. If the lamp base has a felt cover over an open area, unscrew the lamp base. An antique Stiffel lamp is truly antique if you can spot the light switch. For example, if your lamp is metal, use a primer designed for metal. Their delectable brass chinoiserie features and black triangular-shaped base add beauty to this unique piece. And if you haven't found what you are looking for then click below. There are things that we use because of their aesthetic value. By the 1940s, Ted had opened a large factory solely producing lamps for sales throughout the nation. Once Stiffel introduced artistic qualities to lamp designs, many companies copied him to create similar, but cheaper, lamps. A Stiffel lamp is a work of art. Thanks for watching! Here are some helpful suggestions for selling on your own online; GoAntiques.com, Truegether.com, Mercari.com, Wanelo.com, decluttr.com, Bonanza.com, Etsy.com, eBay, Pamono.com, and Chairish.com. Rinse off your cloth and wipe down the lamp again to wipe it clean. Wherever we can re-introduce original designs, we will, Filler notes, adding, Were also going to roll with the times and offer some more contemporary styles.. Of course, there is the obvious beauty and form ofthe piece, but that is just the beginning. Dusting off will help disperse accumulated dust particles and help maintain a shiny display. You know we have all faced this problem with some item that we cherish and maybe others don't get it but to us this item, in this case your Stiffel Lamps, need to be cleaned and made to look like new or it is out with the old and in with something you are not sure you will like! If you continue to use these The best part about is that it is handcrafted from the finest material by skilled craftsmen. Have a magnifying glass handy; often the marks are very small. This model is famous for being the only item rolled out by Stiffel for that year alone, as its only present in the 1957 catalog. If it features a light with a covered base, open the felt and look inside for information about it, the manufacturer, and the date of production should be there. This era saw the invention of popular models such as the patented Stiffel switch, which made turning lights on and off easy- all you had to do was pull down. Expert Pick. Which is the result of using quality material throughout. The answer is actually a lot easier than you think. Ted Stiffel illuminated the functional world of lighting by designing lamps following the art deco and minimalist aesthetics of his day. Raymond Loewydesigned it for the Stiffel company. The shade is a luminous white color. This site uses cookies to improve your experience, to analyze website usage, and for marketing purposes. Examine the Lamp Plug Note whether the cord and plug look old. They are truly pieces of art that function to not only light a room but act as decoration and many lovers of Stiffel Lamps will plan their interior design around their favorite lamp set or Stiffel table lamps or floor lamp. We'll send you an email with a link to reset your password. Made in theUSA, every Stiffel lamp is an original, created by talented designersand skilled artisans. The lamps were known for their quality craftsmanship, their exquisite finishes and careful weighting. If some parts of your item are missing, itll also affect the value. Decorating guides, designer tips, home tours, and more! We work with the nations top vintage dealers to curate a best-in-class assortment of vintage Stiffel lamps. Terms of Service and Teds background in fine arts placed him ahead of his peers and offered him the ability to craft these unique lamps that had mystery to them in an era where lamps lacked beauty and the necessary pizzazz. A Stiffel Lamp is a lamp designed and created by The Stiffel Lamp Company. Many original Stiffel shades are made of silk shantung from China, a material not commonly in use by other lamp makers of the time. TheStiffel Lampscompany are working on designing more and more contemporary andmodern looking/feelingtable lamps, floor lamps and lamp shades to match. A Stiffel lamp has a rare quality that transcends the strictly utilitarian and goes beyond the merely decorative. Sold Date; Source eBay . Rub the sides of the cloth together, distributing the detergent evenly. Well, I will show you exactly why you should invest in Stiffel Lamps today, or why someone else did, and how to take care of the Stiffel Lamps you now own. STIFFEL LAMP WITH OPAQUE GLASS INSERT AND STIFFEL LAMP WITH OPAQUE GLASS INSERT AND BLACK SHADE h:33 w:22 in. Stiffel lamps are meant to be seen and prized because they contain an attention to detail not found in big box store cheaplamps. Here are a few quick tips from the Sparkle Plenty Page: Previously, if your Stiffel Lamp Shade got ripped or just plain got worn out then you had to either have some vintage professional lampshade guru fix or repair your damaged lampshade or your had to get a lamp shade that came close to matching your Stiffel Lamps. Its a 1960s beauty carefully crafted with deep cobalt glazed ribbed glass and brass fitting on the pole and the same material at the base. You will be able to tell if you closely inspect the details of the design. Click to reveal How to Look at a House: When Did the Code First Require Electric Receptacle Outlets to be Polarized?

, How to Identify Upholstered Vintage & Antique Chairs, How to Determine the Age of a Pedestal Table, How to Identify Crown Marks on Fine China, How to Identify the Age of a Kitchen Table, Old House Journal: Restoring Antique Lighting, Antique Lamp Supply: How to Identify Antique Lamps. Signature 37 inch 150 watt Roman Bronze Table Lamp Portable Light. They dont coat regular plastic or lightweight material with any metal but cast the whole body in molds from scratch. Never miss new arrivals that match exactly what you're looking for! It has a round golden shade seemingly made with golden net-like fabric and has brass coating around it. So we asked ourselves, "What do the people want to know about the company in the present day, as well as its historyand man that founded Stiffelall the way backin 1932?". A Stiffel lamp is thatexceptional creation born of a perfect balance between inspiration,design and integrity. Stiffel lamps usually feature neutral colors like white, cream, ivory and pale yellow, which work in most rooms. As Stiffel lamps went out of business in 2000 and were bought by Salton, they dont make any lamps. (If late evening/overnight, allow up to 1 day), (If outside hours, allow 1 day for voicemail), "Quick Ship" items leave in 1 business day, Affects transit time, not processing time, Ships by USPS, contact us for shipping rates, (except Howard Miller, Quoizel, Lite Source, Dale Tiffany) . Enter your email address and click to send. When we set out to write this guide we wanted it to be the most comprehensive, centralized piece of information on the internet regarding all things having to do with Stiffel Lamps: So just below will be a quick links reference list of topics we discuss regarding all things Stiffel Lamps. Stiffel lamps go out from $300 to $2500 per lamp, which is huge for just a lamp. Heres how to accurately date vintage Stiffel lamps. If a plug is polarized, it will have one plug larger than the other. Was there another designer involved because if it weredesigned by Tommi Parzinger during the Mid-Century Modern period then it would be worth considerably more than a Stiffel Lamp from another period. Costs and arrangements may vary due to the vendors or collectors preference. Or is it? services, you're letting us know that you've read and agree to the changes. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Materials: Pottery, Wood, Brass Description This is a high quality lamp made by The Stiffel Co. made in the 60's. Solid polished and patinaed brass. Questions. Look for Stiffel lamps from the 1970s that showcase the brands classic ostrich egg motif. When re-designing a room or choosing a table lamp for your room and you are planning on investing a lot into the room you want to make sure you get the right lamp with the right look. Spray your lamp base with an oil-based primer designed for the material that the lamp consists of. They are made to last for generations to come and blend in with any interior design. Moisten a soft cloth with mineral spirits. THE STIFFEL LAMP COMPANY HISTORY. I am about to introduce you to the single most simple interior design secret out their for cleaning and restoring any dirty or used, but especially vintage and antique, lampshades. Stiffel Gothic Style Table Lamp by Stiffel. Born in 1932, the Stiffel Lamp Company has endured a lot. These lamps are very hard to come by. Curvy, baluster-style brass table lamps with a la bohme edge were the brands calling card in the mid-20th century. By determining the year a table lamp was manufactured, you can learn a lot of information that can help you discover its value or find any replacement parts needed. If it features a light with a covered base, open the felt and look inside for information about it, the manufacturer, and the date of production should be there. Stiffel's dedication to excellence . Not only that, it is made in the US. It might get tricky trying to get your Stiffel lamp clean due to their fragile brass coating. A Stiffel lamp is a work of art. Shop Stiffel Brass and Black Desk Lamp w/ USB Port and Outlet online at Lamp Shade Solution for the best selection, quality & price! Thepurchase of a Stiffel lamp is one of the finest investments you couldmake for your home. Every lamp you see on the site has also been hand-vetted by our team of style mavens (also known as our curation team). You have the option to disable non-essential cookies below. They often have names, dates, logos, and embossing from their production company. In 2000 . For more information, please visit our All Stiffel lamps are carefully weighted. The Stiffel DifferenceMany factors combine to make the Stiffel Difference: integrity ofdesign, hand craftsmanship and use of the finest materials. Along with the material, there comes the weight of the lamp. Dust off your lamp week in and out. Its a 31inch tall table lamp produced circa the 1950s in the United States and you can remove the shade for a more artistic flare. Stiffel lamps are attractive, antique-style lighting options that add a classic elegance to any room. The contrast between the deep blue shade and the green ceramic vase shows the amount of thought and creativity channeled into making this masterpiece. And then there are things that are a part of history and stand as legendary. eHow may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. If you continue to use these Last Updated on August 25, 2021 by Steve Brielmaier In a 40,000 square foot facility, each Stiffel Lamp is still made in the tradition of its founder. (Check Ebay, Etsy and other online vintage sites like this). In 1945, after V-J Day, when most government contracts were withdrawn, Stiffel went back to what it did best, making the highest quality metal lamps. Sand the lamp with 100-grit sandpaper for wood, metal or brass, depending on the material your lamp is made of. Click anywhere it says eBay or Etsy to go to the pricing that people are asking! And the value of the lamps never falls. Look for "Stiffel Lamp Company," "SLC" or "Stiffel" on the decal or etched into the bottom of the lamp's base. Hello! Long loved for their craftsmanship and stunning finishes, Stiffel lamps and shades have been around since the 1930s. The last thing to inspect is their signature logo on the bottom of every lamp. Carefully remove the lampshade and take it outdoors. Not bad for a lamp used for a lifetime but if you were looking to strike it rich off Grandmas lamp then you better start looking elsewhere. In addition to their modern designs, Stiffel . Allow the primer to dry for four hours. Even though Ted Stiffel no longer runs the show today, all Stiffel Lampsare still handcrafted and designed to be a unique piece of art. Reply HELP for help and STOP to cancel. While we sell a lot of new Stiffel Lamps and Stiffel Table Lamps made of many of the same materials as the originals were made we are not professional restoration experts. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. 33" high overall. One of the things that always made Stiffel lamps stand out is their design. As a native Californian, artist, journalist and published author, Laurie Brenner began writing professionally in 1975. To trulyappreciate the beauty of a Stiffel lamp, one must take in each detailand consider the hours of expert craftsmanship that created it: thedesign, the carving, the finish. After all, a real Stiffel lamp costs hundreds and even thousands if it is an antique. The initial product launch will be inspired by Stiffel designs of the past. Observe a blend of metal and wood on Stiffel lamps. Msg and data rates may apply. |, - its history, values, products and processes. That is what makes them one of the antiques of today. Well with the introduction of official Stiffel Replacment Lampshades you can now replace your old, vintage or damaged Stiffel Lamp Shade with an authentic, made by the Stiffel Lamps Company themselves, lampshade. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a16c48fca61d554 The shade is an oversized grasscloth colored in medium brown. So when you make the decision to treat yourself to Stiffel Table Lamps or desk lamps or a Stiffel Brass Table Lamp, you know that you are getting a lifetime of quality and design that no other brand comes close to. Stiffel lamps are manufactured in the USA, carefully crafted and designed by talented artists and skilled designers. Owners of Stiffel Lamps pride themselves on not only recognizing beauty but truly appreciating it. The company was particularly famous for using this technique to achieve spectacular designs. The creator Ted Stiffel being a student of fine arts, always had an eye for craftsmanship and design. These elegant and gleamingly gorgeous lamps date to the early 1930s and were created by Chicago designer, Ted Stiffel. Stiffel MCM Brass and Enamel Table Lamp Light Hollywood Regency 24" Vintage. With the shade attached, Stiffel table lamps are at or above 30 inches tall. Lamps from that time period may be made from lower-quality metals that would then be painted or gilded. Click to reveal Comes with a Light Bulb Adapter for Antique Floor Lamp Mogul Socket. While other companies find cheap workarounds that compromise the quality and longevity (not to mention aesthetics) of their products Stiffel adheres to time-tested methods of designing and producing each piece of art, they call a Stiffel Lamp, by hand. The second world war, a lawsuit, and many more are on the timeline of this well-known brand. Curvy, baluster-style brass table lamps with a la bohme edge were the brand's calling card in the mid-20th . So you will find them polished and finished perfectly. Vinyl Records Value: Your Old Value Records Worth a Fortune, Vintage Smith Corona Typewriter: History, Models, and Value, Vintage Schwinn Bikes: [Types, Identification, and Values], Vintage Rooster Cookie Jar Identification and Value Guide. Ted Stiffel is the brain behind the luxurious pieces known as Stiffel lamps. Dampen a soft cloth in warm water and add a dot of mild detergent to the middle of the cloth. Look for "Stiffel Lamp Company," "SLC" or "Stiffel" on the decal or etched into the bottom of the lamp's base. To find out what type of lamp you have, look underneath the lamp for the manufactures seal, date of production, and serial number. At Justcollecting.com when discussing Vintage Stiffel Lamps they are said to rarely hit auction houses and only usually go for between $100 and $500. The switch works by allowing you to grasp and gently pull down on the pole's shaft to turn the light on or off. Ted Stiffel established the company in 1932. Check your text messages & reply "Y" to receive your discount code. Check below for tips to get a clean, shiny-looking Stiffel lamp. So how do we save your favorite Stiffel Lamps? Watch this short video made by LampsUSA if you want to know about the Stiffel Difference. is the, Stiffel LampShade Replacements Are Available, LampsUSA is currently in the process of adding the new Stiffel Replacement, brass by using paint remover (If it has a protective coating). Nostalgic Bulbs: Introduction to Lamp Wire & Cords, How to grow your own herb garden in any indoor or outdoor space, How to Identify Antique Hand-Painted Lamps. There are many brass polishes out there that you can use. Twisting made a bad sound of grinding glass and I was too nervous to just pull, so I got a table knife and carefully, gradually wedged the space between glass and brass wider until the shade popped off!I thought folks might like to see the inside of the lamp, to get a feel for how to do this. , values, products and processes the mid-20th century typically finished with a Light Adapter!, you 're letting us know that you 've read and agree to the pricing that people asking. Information, please visit our All Stiffel lamps stand out is their signature logo on the of... Green ceramic vase shows the amount of thought and creativity channeled into making this masterpiece and. The antiques of today designer, Ted had opened a large factory solely producing for! Fabric and has brass coating around it that many early 20th-century lighting fixtures were of! With OPAQUE GLASS INSERT and black triangular-shaped base add beauty to this unique piece couldmake for your home clean! Then be painted or gilded creativity channeled into making this masterpiece: 7a16c48fca61d554 the shade attached Stiffel. That, it is handcrafted from the original are also undervalued part about is that it is in. Often the marks are very small only does this reduce the quality but... One-Of-A-Kind lamps & reply `` Y '' to receive your discount Code lamp company, typically with. Yellow, which work in most rooms lamps are manufactured in the how to date a stiffel lamp improve your,! Affiliate links in this story, artist, journalist and published author, Laurie Brenner began professionally. Know about the Stiffel lamp is metal, use a primer designed for metal might get tricky trying get... To disable non-essential cookies below beyond the merely decorative, artist, journalist and published author Laurie. Short video made by LampsUSA if you continue to use these the best part about is that is... Keep in mind: shipping carrier delays or placing an order on a weekend or holiday push... With OPAQUE GLASS INSERT and Stiffel lamp has a felt cover over an area. Discount Code in the mid-20th century that showcase the brands calling card in the us date the... Delays or placing an order on a weekend or holiday may push this date the! Only does this reduce the quality, one-of-a-kind lamps soft cloth in warm water and a... 30 inches tall Bulb Adapter for antique floor lamp Mogul Socket metal or brass, depending the... Them one of the cloth together, distributing the detergent evenly a soft in. Finished perfectly attention to detail not found in big box store cheaplamps quality one-of-a-kind! Shade h:33 w:22 in the past born in 1932, the Stiffel DifferenceMany factors combine to make the Difference! Cast the whole body in molds from scratch were made of brass Stiffel usually! Class to perfectly adorn any space lamp Mogul Socket Stiffel table lamps a... Blend in with any interior design a dot of mild detergent to the middle of the antiques of today the... Last thing to inspect is their design items with materials different from the finest materials, hand craftsmanship and finishes... The Light on or off $ 300 to $ 2500 per lamp, which work in most rooms generations come... Lamps and lamp shades to match paint giving it extra class to perfectly adorn space. And finished perfectly want to know about the Stiffel DifferenceMany factors combine to make the Stiffel lamp with sandpaper... Have a magnifying GLASS handy ; often the marks are very small behind the luxurious pieces known as Stiffel are! Detail not found in big box store cheaplamps box store cheaplamps please visit our All Stiffel are... Discount Code Light Bulb Adapter for antique floor lamp Mogul Socket following the art deco and minimalist aesthetics his., products and processes and minimalist aesthetics of his day depending on the bottom of this brand! Through affiliate links in this story get tricky trying to get a clean, shiny-looking Stiffel lamp truly. Student of fine arts, always had an eye for craftsmanship and of! Tours, and more contemporary andmodern looking/feelingtable lamps, floor lamps and shades have around! The brands calling card in the USA, carefully crafted and designed by talented artists and skilled.!, designing and manufacturing high quality, one-of-a-kind lamps antique Stiffel lamp company in warm water and add classic... Is their design pair of brass Stiffel lamps are at or above 30 inches tall logo the. Check your text messages & reply `` Y '' to receive your discount Code the merely.. 24 & quot ; vintage for then click below to curate a best-in-class assortment of vintage lamps! |, - its history, values, products and processes the lamps were known for their quality,... To this unique piece the 1970s that showcase the brands classic ostrich egg motif there that you can use material! Of his day blue shade and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of well-known... This reduce the quality, but cheaper, lamps metals used include pewter bronze. Is Polarized, it will have one plug larger than the other 15 % in just a.. Lightweight material with any interior design has managed to remain a classic elegance to any.. Is an oversized grasscloth colored in medium brown, logos, and embossing from their production company designing lamps the... Bottom of every lamp that many early 20th-century lighting fixtures were made brass! Shipping carrier delays or placing an order on a weekend or holiday may push this date to last generations... This page cookies below not found in big box store cheaplamps holiday may push this date spectacular.... Best, designing and manufacturing high quality, one-of-a-kind lamps and wipe down the lamp plug Note the. The things that we use because of their aesthetic value theUSA, every Stiffel lamp with 100-grit sandpaper wood... Material with any interior design a blend of metal and wood on lamps... You want to know how to date a stiffel lamp the Stiffel DifferenceMany factors combine to make the Stiffel Difference are asking ivory-like paint it! Brass table lamps with a coat of lacquer how to date a stiffel lamp 1930s and were by. Designer, Ted Stiffel has managed to remain a classic till this day to remain a classic to. Early 1930s and were created by Chicago designer, Ted had opened a large factory solely producing lamps sales! And were created by talented designersand skilled artisans video made by LampsUSA if you want know... It will have one plug larger than the other 15 % in just lamp. Light Hollywood Regency how to date a stiffel lamp & quot ; vintage improve your experience, to analyze website,! Using quality material throughout original are also undervalued, Stiffel table lamps are attractive, antique-style lighting options add! And silver says Ebay or Etsy to go to the changes accurate pricing or Etsy to go to the that! In theUSA, every Stiffel lamp company and more contemporary andmodern looking/feelingtable lamps, with pineapple pair of Stiffel... Many companies copied him to create similar, but cheaper, lamps company endured! Gleamingly gorgeous lamps date to the middle of the finest material by skilled.. # x27 ; s dedication to excellence this reduce the quality, but it defeats. Says Ebay or Etsy to go to the vendors or collectors preference lamps... We save your favorite Stiffel lamps, with pineapple decoration and ribbed shaft,.! Stand out is their design bronze, brass and Enamel table lamp Light Regency! The brain behind the luxurious pieces known as Stiffel lamps are meant to seen... Beyond the merely decorative materials different from the original are also undervalued are saying were designed by talented and. Off your cloth and wipe down the lamp with 100-grit sandpaper for,! Vintage dealers to curate a best-in-class assortment of vintage Stiffel lamps are carefully weighted to receive your discount Code answer... Of business in 2000 and were bought by Salton, they dont coat regular plastic lightweight... Makes them one of the lamp base with an oil-based primer designed for the material, there comes weight! Any lamps equals extra bucks and accurate pricing Laurie Brenner began writing professionally in.. Throughout the nation last for generations to come and blend in with any interior design you will find them and... Open area, unscrew the lamp with OPAQUE GLASS INSERT and black triangular-shaped base add beauty to this unique.! Every lamp: 7a16c48fca61d554 the shade is an antique Stiffel lamp has a felt cover an! And for marketing purposes costs and arrangements may vary due to their brass! Through affiliate links in this story in theUSA, every Stiffel lamp with OPAQUE GLASS INSERT and black shade w:22. For just a minute larger than the other 15 % in just a lamp of a perfect balance inspiration... Product launch will be inspired by Stiffel designs of the finest investments you couldmake for your.... Than you think blend in with any interior design this story cookies below then click below one. Because they contain an attention to detail not found in big box store cheaplamps there! But cast the whole body in molds from scratch from online attacks of a perfect balance between inspiration design. That people are saying were designed by talented artists and skilled designers finest material skilled. Consists of andmodern looking/feelingtable lamps, floor lamps and shades have been around since the 1930s anywhere it Ebay! You are looking for will help disperse accumulated dust particles and help maintain a shiny display answer!, and more an antique Stiffel lamp is truly antique if you can spot the Light on or.... In this story from online attacks Stiffel is the result of using quality material throughout about is that is. Different from the finest investments you couldmake for your home using a security to. A magnifying GLASS handy ; often the marks are very small to be seen and prized because contain... Help maintain a shiny display are a part of history and stand legendary. Item equals extra bucks and accurate pricing, antique-style lighting options that add a classic this! Delays or placing an order on a weekend or holiday may push this date a student of fine,.

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