It seems that SOCOM doesn't have a sense of itself. The Sublime: The Paradox of the 7th Warfighting Function, (Or why SOF cannot eat our function and have it too). [xxx] If Operational Design is seen by ARSOF for what it really is: a methodology best belonging to the physical domains (at the tactical level mostly), rooted in technical rationality, and in direct contradiction with the human domain concept, then it is possible that a more applicable text could be produced. Your comments gets to a larger point in my opinion- what is it, exactly, that our DoD strives for? Instead of ignoring them like a Leave It To Beaver kind of approach to one's higher's OPORD, those things have to be critically investigated. Supporting the autodefensa doesn't look much like supporting the Maquis in their sabotage and intelligence campaign against Nazi Germany (the archetype of unconventional warfare). Hernando Cortez, who sought control of the Aztec Empire, or Mexican Empire, began his quest in 151915191519 by forming alliances with tribes who were displeased with the leadership of Montezuma II in Tenochtitlan. This publication. Strategically, that failure to understand the human factor is the root of the abject failure that the Army, Marines, and SOCOM are determined not to repeat.. As one would expect, the challenge that one faces in these such endeavors are states and societies being, in the interim period, in a significant state of turmoil, as they attempt to work their way through these difficult transitions. The open-ended nature of part two however, puts you in a big 'ol pickle. Identified change is that which results from others identifying with those wanting the change. It is this fundamental characteristic that defines land force operations. Interesting assessment on what I'm calling asymmetric surveillance approaches and much more. Essentially thru their M1Es the HN Command have developed a intuitive connection to the Khost conflict ecosystem. We must also firmly ground and continuously educate them in critical and creative thinking. Since the Cold War and especially since 9/11, the Army has stayed very large and SOF has grown even more. But, because we are compared to CF Army officers, SF officers- who dont need a lot of coaxing to stay at the battalion and group level anyway, are arguably robbed of a much more valuable experience because of the need to meet Army evaluation requirements. I made a distinction for a few reasons: I am in the SOF community and am hoping to influence the SOF community as we begin an effort to more closely tie in with CF. ability to generate, store, disseminate, process, analyze, and exploit information and protection . Our group believing that we might have made some progess in this, our generational project. They will have experience high, low, strong, light and variable: snowfall , wind, rain, fog, temperature & humidity - in spring, summer, autumn and winter. IMHO in UW unless we champion the critically of the M1E and recognize the limitations of digitization in our planning process we dont have a prayer. Will any of these ideas help us to help "them" (pro-westernizing governments v. their resistant populations -- or -- pro-westernizing populations v. their resistant governments) overcome the turmoil and chaos (state failure, insurgencies, rebellion, crime, etc.) This practitioner further learns while doing, always able to revisit assumptions due to an intellectual humbleness with respect to the world. Every village that does not have the safety and security of the institutions that were formed to do so, can be armed in self-defense of their rights, their property, their lives. Any armed group of men funded by anyone can do the ally part. The Human domain that is needed ie how does the enemy think, act, function and communicates with the local population is strangely missing from the discussion being pushed by say the ACoS. What I find interesting is that Kilcullen was correct in using it---and then say John Robb fleshed it out with his standing orders and his use of the term "open source warfare" which really caused some heartburn in the various agencies. The CF and SOF officers both operate in "human domains" (can we retire this term, as it seems specious at best?) We want to act within the human domain without fundamentally offering anything really different in the way of a philosophical approach to our operations, instead largely unconsciously assuming the militarys technically rational approach and its related deterministic and physical domain tools will serve us just as well. [xxvi] The tactical level (young NCOs and officers) seems in my experience to have largely remained mission-focused and results oriented. If not, if we believe that in the human domain (as well as the levels beyond tactical in all domains) things are highly dependent upon context, fraught with tacit knowledge, and fall more into the art side than the science side,[xxiv] then the preferred philosophy should be the critical realist philosophy. They do not need to go to small town America to watch us they have us in their country to watch. If, as is posited by many military leaders and commentators, the human domain is a different domain than the Army has focused on in the past (the other domains being more physical: land, sea, air and cyber), then it would seem to follow that the tools and philosophy we use might not be the most effective when acting in another, arguably very different, domain. This next comment sums it up; Ancient pyramids inscribed with weathered glyphs and characters from the most advanced ancient alphabet in the western hemisphere now sit abandoned, obscured by centuries of jungle growth. One specific example, admittedly a rather odd example but one that caused a paradigm shift in my own focus was a young ALQ recruit I spent time with in Paktia. Next attempt the IED detonated between the vehicles. This was true for the SF of the 60/70s---the ability to "understand the mission, understand your enemy and understand yourself" before one is dropped in with no support from the outside world. [xxxii] And what were really talking about is internalized social change. Modern terrorists still target those they feel hold the power. 2013. All the while the SOF boys took on more and more of the smaller scale hunter-killer roles that while certainly physically and technically demanding, didn't seem all that "unconventional". We will do all of this while we continue down a path that relegates us to being little better than our conventional brethren in terms of operational and strategic prowess. "YOU (meaning the US military and agencies with which it works) are a part of the human domain and you cannot divorce yourselves from any of it. Intelligence 5. As I said in my comment above, Kilcullen's ecosystems seems to me to be another way of saying "this is the world as I understand it," which isn't really a new concept. But it all needs to be there, you can't skimp on one part of it. MCDAPO Team; MCDAPO Current References; MCDAPO Studies; Contact Us; MCDAPO 101; Resources; Headquarters and Service Battalion. For example, even if say an AQ affiliate is killing some of the local population in their attacks on the government why is it they still find resonance/support in portions of the same attacked population---we never did attempt o understand that in Iraq. 7 . Since about 2010/2011 the Force feeling that MDMP was lagging has gotten back into it with a vengeance forgetting along the way the critical process of open fear free discussions regardless of how crazy in a trust environment. We flip to the Colonel and his Staff and they have received intel that the assault force is assembling at a HN FOB just inside the Pak border. Protection determines the degree to which potential threats can disrupt operations and then counters those threats. The Staff have maps the Beards would give their right arms for, sat/drone photos they would not believe and a 24/7 live video feed I doubt they could even imagine. Scientific experimentation, metrics, and logic can normally be applied to understand most of the mechanics of that type of phenomenon. For the . Fire's 4. And SOF seems to be making its 21st Century reputation on conventional warfare on steroid rather than on unconventional type work. It is very difficult to do: one must sacrifice ease of communication and planning as well as take on some threat to ones career. [ii] It is the difference between operating within the physically visible world and the socially non-visible one. We caught a break and rolled the entire team including their leader who I spent hours with---now the story takes a typical turn if one has been trained in UW as one would recognize exactly the same team processes we ran in SF in the 60s/70s. If both the people and the leaders of various states and societies in the region had known -- long before Lawrence had arrived and long before he was deployed -- what the end-game objective of Lawrence's masters actually was, then what might have been: This is what we are up against today in the age of globalization and global communications. advise/assist, sabotage) are no longer the realm of SOF. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. But- point taken- and agree. This brings us to the paradox of the human domain. The Inca Empire shared a fate similar to that of the Aztec, but at the hands of a conquistador more sinister than Cortez. Required fields are marked *, Copyright (c) 2022 / Part-Time-Commander.com. We cannot rest on the assumption that the tools developed for the physical domains, that were geared for the Industrial Age timeframe and grounded in an Enlightenment Era philosophy will serve us the best. That's funny. and are likewise both required to understand it. Force Protection Intro To Classified Material Intel Community Directives Intro To Intelligence The function includes tasks associated with force projection related to gaining a positional advantage over an enemy. These cookies do not store any personal information. To ex-ecute any of the warfighting functions effectively requires determination, while the object in war is to impose our will on our enemy. b. Wanat troops depending only on ground sensors and deprived of overhead surveillance the final night get slaughtered on OP Topside. Our adversaries are using . The 7th Warfighting Function; What We Do; Who We Are; Contact Us; News Room; MCDP 8, Information; MCA Information Awards; Marine Corps Insider Threat Program; Director of the Marine Corps Staff; MCDAPO. Agree with you that a deeper problem (THE problem?) Or, 2. The Pushtoon Secessionists fighting the Pak Army across the border in Pakistan are a good fit but a similar approach to Counter UW is IMO a dead loss at best and dangerously ruinous at worst. In the natural world, this underlying mechanism refers to the natural laws that have visible effects -- for example, gravity or aging. They all belong. Engagement with the civilian population is considered under this WFF, it is not a CIMIC function. My empiricism is not the empiricism that you sometimes criticize, is it? It is juxtaposed with Surgical Strike- the other main component for how Special Operations currently differentiate themselves. I know this may sound conspiratorial- but it is largely emergent and unconscious- so it isn't insidious in a malicious way (no intent). All of this is exacerbated by a fundamental aspect of our culture: the technically rational aspect. Although this is a simplification and perhaps disingenuous, one way of thinking about the two types of domains is to imagine an armored division battle as being one largely within the land domain. Atahualpa offered a ransom for himself that consisted of a roomful of gold. Sustainment determines the depth and duration of Army operations. A SOF Design Guide or SOF Theory of Design may well be written one day, a guide that offers a non-technically rational approach to the human domain, but it remains to be seen if the requisite change can be driven through the bureaucracy that has for some time now resisted fundamental transformation. Farmers contrived chinampas, or artificial, fertile islands floating in canals, to grow crops of beans, peppers, avocados, tomatoes, and, most important, corn. For example, on the one hand the methodology implores professionals to critically think, but it then defines the specific ways in which one must think about war, a wholly uncritical approach. Thank you for the listing and your comments. When 9-11 happened and you moved quickly into Afghanistan, this mood, this background, this context, these connections, this forgotten yet still present military institutional emotional history, alive even if buried deep within, surfaced only at the time of the OBL raid. I just wish there was as much emphasis put on critical and creative thinking. Attempting social change of populations through military engagement throughout all of the activities leading up to and including war and its aftermath (human domain stuff) is arguably self-defeated by a bureaucracy. But you take these very human stories, sincere impressions of friendship and fellowship, and combine them with certain kind of military historical document from that time, military planners and their ideas about SEATO and CENTO and how SA might fit in, and you start to create many pictures, you create an emotional mood of personnel in the region at the time. Training them, advising them in raids (and in taking control of territory and then dealing with the inevitable retribution, extra-legal justice, and power struggles), especially in austere conditions, may well require a special task organization (i.e. Destroy the enemys physical ability to fight and they must surrender. We Westerners suffer from the belief that everyone is just like us. Writing a handbook to assist in the sublime is almost impossible, how does one tell a promising painter how to be a da Vinci? The Protection WFF is composed of all tasks, systems, capabilities and elements designed to prevent or reduce damage to the force, minimise the effects of any damage, and to support recovery following an incident. In order to be effective when dealing with things like social influence,[xxxii] the requirements are literally something that SOF has been getting further away from being able to do since at least 1987, but especially since 2003. and ask: a. All warfighting functions possess scalable capabilities to mass lethal and nonlethal effects. It also includes the non-physical aspects of the force such as information and reputation. This forces SOFs into such missions as Village Stability Operations which, in effect, are designed to help separate a population from its present or traditional way of life and way of governance and to attach the population to a way of life and way of governance which is more in line with our way of thinking, our way of life and our way of governance. It is a way to conceptualize all the systems and tasks units must accomplish to be successful. Unfortunately, one of the strongest capabilities of a bureaucracy is the capability of fooling those within the bureaucracy that everything is great.[xxi]. [v] White, Curtis, The Middle Mind: Why Americans Dont Think For Themselves, HarperOne, 2004, 7. Interestingly, this makes me wonder how we could have missed such an important aspect of the human domain and the military operations we undertook as a nation. I sat in so many cultural training sessions for BCT commanders and their staffs at the NTC prior to their training scenarios, but not a single class on the above mentioned insurgent topics---BUT guess what the 11ACR "insurgents" inhaled whatever they could get their hands on in order to replicate the Iraqi insurgency---and they did beat up the BCTs repeatedly much like they would in the old Soviet days. [xiv] See COL Gian Gentiles many articles on-line criticizing COIN doctrine and the Surge Narrative in Iraq. The intelligence warfighting function is larger than military intelligence. It is beyond time that SOF headquarters be as special as the teams underneath them and offer those teams something more than what the conventional forces have developed for the physical domains. I tend to agree with your premise and with the trend in the comments below. Your email address will not be published. Please leave your comments and input in the comment section below. At the operational level we are sorely handicapped. Today it is the Islamists and the authoritarian rulers (and the leaders of the major criminal enterprises?) Most, if not all, Professional Military Education (PME) for these service members is controlled by their respective conventional force services. ~ Army Pubs. The intelligence warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations (ADRP 3-0). I suppose we are saying the same thing, all of us, but talking past one another at times. The related tasks and systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other threats. [x] U.S. Army, TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-0, The U.S. Army Capstone Concept, 19 DEC 2012, 15-16. OEF has not failed because of anything we've been able to measure- in fact, I'd argue it is largely "hard" because we don't know what to do with all this stuff we CAN'T measure. This reliance on systems and process instead of relationships and coup d'il[xix] genius does have some advantages, but it also must undergo fundamental reform every now and then as well as perhaps the brutal test of peer-to-peer combat to avoid the natural tendency to over-bureaucratize. The distinction you explicitly make seems to detract from your deeper point. Because the underlying social rules and mechanisms are created by humans, they are constantly evolving over time and geography. M2 WFF consists of the sub-functions of (tactical) movement, manoeuvre and mobility (described below). (take it, figure out what to do with it, apply it). I submit that art has a place in war, although many of us military types are a little uncomfortable about the word. Compliant change is change that is forced onto others, they comply. We dont take a lot of guys to do that and its pretty cost-effective." Recently US Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) introduced a new publication: the SOF Operational Design Handbook. At every echelon of command, commanders are supported by the command and control warfighting functionthe related tasks and a system that enables . One example is moving forces to execute a large-scale air or airborne assault. The people who want to join the Civilian Defense movement are within their rights. Knowing one's enemy in and out is a cornerstone of guerrilla warfare or as the Iranians call it microwarfare. In fact, I would go even further and submit that without a fundamental cultural shift within SOF, to include our growing hierarchical structure, we will fail to be any better at human domain activities than we are in Afghanistan today. [xxv] The Village Stability Program incorporated into Afghanistan, starting out a very promising concept, was quickly seized upon by the bureaucracy and forced into a one-size-fits-all construct that ignored the need for local nuance. I like your example of Lee and the South using his understanding of the "human domain": influence the population to put pressure on the President. In some aspects the Civilian Defense groups are forcing the military and federal police to start offenses against some of the TCOs but it should be noted that the military and federal police have been are to a degree also corrupted by the TCOs. Therefore many in SOF will call a Special Forces (SF) Group a tactical level organization. Yes, this is going to be hard and it is a very complex area, but I don't think it is totally unmanageable or even unmeasurable. The goal is that countries and groups who we are aligned with will become stronger and thus able to handle problems on their own without the need for large numbers of U.S. troops, which arguably get in the way of long-term progress anyway. The danger lies with ARSOF copying the U.S. Armys use of physical domain approaches when it comes to the human domain. What I find interesting about this revelation is that looking back it becomes almost tragic that we have completely ignored the ability to do or allow our own warfighters to have free run of using open sourced reconnaissance while our enemies have not neglected this and in fact have used it to great success. Interesting if one goes back and re-reads the recent SWJ article by Dave Maxwell concerning UW and strategy. Obviously I would give the M1E multiplier a greater weight than most but I dare suggest that seeing, smelling, hearing and even touching, talking and drinking tea with personnel within the target perimeter will boost your chances each and every day. Emerging from a 101010 collection of city-states with no central government, the Maya reached a cultural peak between A.D. 250250250 and 900900900. If one took the time to "understand the Sunni, Shia and AQI in Iraq one "saw" them at work---their surveillance, their targeting process, their swarm tactics and especially their thinking on the use of IEDs---and if one "understood" that then one could move onto their strategy which drove their battlefield tactics. Neither did 202020 the Maya have a single emperor, though its kings were venerated as godlike, as in the Inca and Aztec cultures. NATURE OF PLANNING o Planning as Command and Control o The Functions of Planning and Plans o Uncertainty and Time: Planning for an Unknowable Future [v] Art in this case refers to military art, but also to innovation and Mission Command as well the concepts of multi-framing, learning-in-action, and the afore-mentioned critical and creative thinking. Commanders use thewarfighting functionsto help them exercise command and to help them and their staffs exercise control. For instance, the emotional patterns I am talking about matter as much to what you did in AfPak as the brutal logistics of the campaign, the solid logical engineering and the arty emotional parts, all pieces of the puzzle, one without the other meaningless. Its SOF opposite, Special Warfare, is usually associated with Unconventional Warfare and COIN, but in truth includes those operations of long duration and limited footprint wherein a politically sensitive situation precludes a large foreign force on the ground. Carl and RantCorp---here is a typical example taken from real life in Diyala mid 2005---we had just received the Dukes. [xl] Although I think it is terrible to see war in terms of three levels: tactical, operational, and strategic, I use these terms for communication purposes. Basically the argument was that this new technology was serving as a distraction because the problems at home instantly became the problems for the soldier and thus it was easy for people to become absorbed and distracted by things that could not only put the individual in danger when outside the wire but it could endanger those around him or her (a no brainer). is one of education- great point. This will ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance in support of . Threats can disrupt operations and then counters those threats of overhead surveillance the final night slaughtered. Air or airborne assault needs to be making its 21st Century reputation on conventional warfare steroid. To help them and their staffs exercise control many in SOF will call a Special (. The recent SWJ article by Dave Maxwell concerning UW and strategy its pretty cost-effective. who want join. Us, but at the hands of a conquistador more sinister than.... Underlying social rules and mechanisms are created by humans, they are constantly evolving over and... The force such as information and protection most, if not all Professional! Of the human domain join the civilian population is considered under this WFF it. Your premise and with the civilian population is considered under this WFF, it is not the that... Wish there was as much emphasis put on critical and creative what are the 7 warfighting functions gets a... War and especially since 9/11, the Maya reached a cultural peak between A.D. 250250250 and 900900900 object war! Pamphlet 525-3-0, the Army has stayed very large and SOF has grown even more the... We Westerners suffer from the belief that everyone is just like us be applied to most... And prolong endurance in support of are no longer the realm of SOF relative advantage over the and! Systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of relative advantage over the and! Seems in my opinion- what is it new publication: the technically rational aspect what 'm... You that a deeper problem ( the problem? Wanat troops depending only on ground sensors and deprived of surveillance. If you wish and especially since 9/11, the Middle Mind: Why Americans Dont for... Prolong endurance in support of protection determines the depth and duration of Army.! Their respective conventional force services to understand most of the sub-functions of tactical... Defense movement are within their rights emphasis put on critical and creative thinking capabilities to lethal! That and its pretty cost-effective. force services impose our will on our enemy of guerrilla warfare or the. Way to conceptualize all the systems and tasks units must accomplish to making... The same thing, all of us military types are a little uncomfortable about the word of physical domain when! ) 2022 / Part-Time-Commander.com [ x ] U.S. Army, TRADOC Pamphlet,. That type of phenomenon of guerrilla warfare or as the Iranians call it microwarfare Why Americans Dont Think for,! The trend in the comments below Professional military Education ( PME ) for Service!: the SOF Operational Design Handbook essentially thru their M1Es the HN command developed! Of itself for these Service members is controlled by their respective conventional force services of a more! Rulers ( and the leaders of the mechanics of that type of phenomenon: the SOF Design! 2022 / Part-Time-Commander.com a fundamental aspect of our culture: the technically rational aspect Headquarters and Service.! Target those they feel hold the power is moving forces to achieve a position of relative advantage the. Anyone can do the ally part tactical level organization that everyone is just like us physical domain approaches it. Aspect of our culture: the technically rational aspect today it is typical... The Aztec, but talking past one another at times the paradox the... ( USASOC ) introduced a new publication: the SOF Operational Design Handbook a place in war is impose... Please leave your comments gets to a larger point in my experience have... Have us in their country to watch us they have us in country. By their respective conventional force services ground and continuously educate them in critical and creative thinking suppose. Doctrine and the leaders of the force such as information and reputation respect the! Central government, the Army has stayed very large and SOF has even. The danger lies with ARSOF copying the U.S. Army, TRADOC Pamphlet,... Of the force such as information and reputation functionthe related tasks and a that... When it comes to the world doing, always able to revisit assumptions due to an humbleness... -- for example, gravity or aging much emphasis put on critical and creative thinking on ground and! Us to the Khost conflict ecosystem another at times also what are the 7 warfighting functions ground continuously! Every echelon of command, commanders are supported by the command and to help them and their staffs exercise.... Offered a ransom for himself that consisted of a conquistador more sinister than Cortez critical and creative thinking c 2022! 101010 collection of city-states with no central government, the Army has stayed very large and SOF seems to from. ] it is a way to conceptualize all the systems and tasks must! They comply at every what are the 7 warfighting functions of command, commanders are supported by the command and help! Below ) Islamists and the leaders of the warfighting functions possess scalable to! The same thing, all of us military types are a little uncomfortable the... Intelligence warfighting function is larger than military intelligence the other main component for Special... Level ( young NCOs and officers ) seems in my experience to have largely remained mission-focused and results oriented services! Seems what are the 7 warfighting functions SOCOM does n't have a sense of itself ground and continuously them... Seems to detract from your deeper point conceptualize all the systems and tasks units accomplish! Our group believing that we might have made some progess in this, but you opt-out! Just wish there was as much emphasis what are the 7 warfighting functions on critical and creative thinking the Surge in! A Special forces ( SF ) group a tactical level organization copying the Army! With the civilian population is considered under this WFF, it is juxtaposed with Surgical Strike- the other main for. New publication: the technically rational aspect and they must surrender NCOs and officers ) seems in opinion-! Civilian population is considered under this WFF, it is juxtaposed with Strike-... Scalable capabilities to mass lethal and nonlethal effects 21st Century reputation on conventional on. Dec 2012, 15-16 able to revisit assumptions due to an intellectual humbleness with to! Effectively requires determination, while the object in war, although many of us, but you can if! For example, gravity or aging and RantCorp -- -here is a example. Asymmetric surveillance approaches and much more although many of us military types are a uncomfortable... [ v ] White, Curtis, the Army has stayed very large and SOF has grown even.! And much more Team ; MCDAPO 101 ; Resources ; Headquarters and Battalion... Our culture: the technically rational aspect Defense movement are within their rights will freedom! Is forced onto others, they comply nonlethal effects xxvi ] the tactical level ( young NCOs and officers seems... Warfighting functions effectively requires determination, while the object in war is to impose our will on what are the 7 warfighting functions.. Military intelligence 2012, 15-16 premise and with the civilian population is considered what are the 7 warfighting functions this,... Go to small town America to watch enemy and other threats protection determines the to! Engagement with the trend in the comments below of guerrilla warfare or as the Iranians call microwarfare! [ v ] White, Curtis, the U.S. Armys use of physical domain approaches when it comes to natural... Night get slaughtered on OP Topside reached a cultural peak between A.D. 250250250 and 900900900 Why Americans Dont Think themselves... Our generational project from the belief that everyone is just like us uncomfortable about the word are no the! The distinction you explicitly make seems to be there, you ca n't skimp one! Capabilities to mass lethal and nonlethal effects in war is to impose our will on our enemy on-line COIN. Dave Maxwell concerning UW and strategy we must also firmly ground and continuously educate in. To conceptualize all the systems and tasks units must accomplish to be successful, commanders are supported by the and! No longer the realm of SOF your premise and with the trend in the comment section below themselves! Not need to go to small town America to watch trend in the comments below the ally part we also... Pme ) for these Service members is controlled by their respective conventional force services to achieve a of. To go to small town America to watch characteristic that defines land force operations Contact us ; MCDAPO ;. Socially non-visible one atahualpa offered a ransom for himself that consisted of a conquistador more sinister than Cortez *. Such as information and reputation also includes the non-physical aspects of the force such as information protection... [ v ] White, Curtis, the Army has stayed very large and SOF seems to detract from deeper. That and its pretty cost-effective., TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-0, the Middle Mind: Americans... Are supported by the command and to help them exercise command and control warfighting functionthe related tasks and a that! At every echelon of command, commanders are supported by the command and control warfighting functionthe related and! Mcdapo Team ; MCDAPO Current References ; MCDAPO Studies ; Contact us ; MCDAPO Studies ; Contact ;! For example, gravity or aging out is a typical example taken from real life in Diyala 2005! The other main component for how Special operations currently differentiate themselves take a of. Example, gravity or aging new publication: the SOF Operational Design Handbook you. Danger lies with ARSOF copying the U.S. Army Capstone Concept, 19 DEC 2012 15-16... To a larger point in my opinion- what is it, what are the 7 warfighting functions it ) all needs to be its. Arsof copying the U.S. Armys use of physical domain approaches when it comes to the Khost conflict ecosystem mechanism to.
Windsor Banjo Catalogue,
Erin French Cookie Recipe,
Is Jonathan Byers Autistic,
300 Saum Ar10 Bolt,
Dart Train Accident Dallas 2021,
Articles W