Neel Kanth Ganjoo, a retired judge who had sentenced Maqbool Bhat to death, was shot dead outside the J&K High Court in Srinagar on November 4. Hit lists of Pandits were in circulation. They blame the then-Jammu and Kashmir governor, Jagmohan, for the Pandit exodus. Just $5 a month. Citizens of Jammu took to the streets to protest the erection of the masjid on the secretariat premises. Many followers of the traditional religions who did not convert to Islam instead migrated to other parts of India. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. A day after a Kashmiri Pandit's killing in Pulwama, the Bharatiya Janta Party on Monday held protests at several places in Kashmir. In many cases, their properties were either immediately vandalised or sold quickly by the owners to Kashmiri Muslims. Vivek Agnihotri's film, The Kashmir Files, explores the tragic history of the Kashmiri Pandit exodus, positing itself as an account of the events that transpired in the Valley in the early 1990s. He announced that if they chose to stay back, he would not be able to guarantee their safety. I don't see why they won't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything. What happened in January 1990 is bitterly contested. As for those Pandits who left the Valley, many were put up in tented accommodation in camps in Jammu and New Delhi initially and subsequently in townships in these cities. The revelation that a Chinese surveillance balloon entered the country's airspace earlier this month has been met with a curiously muted government response. What It Said, S Jaishankar's "Firm" Reply To UK Minister Who Raised BBC Tax Row: Sources, Tunisha Sharma Case: In-Camera Hearing Allowed On Sheezan Khan's Bail Plea, Protests Break Out Over Alleged Army Custodial Death In Jammu And Kashmir, 'Fear UP Cops Will Kill Me': Gangster-Politician Goes To Supreme Court, Cabinet Okays Signing Of Contract With L&T For 3 Cadet Training Ships, Traffic Hit In Delhi Ahead Of G20 Foreign Ministers Meet, Rahul Gandhi Talks About The "Art Of Listening" At Cambridge University, This website follows the DNPA Code of Ethics. Asia, Central A majority of the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems. A number of such errors mar Agnihotri's film, which has been called out for its communal bias. Kashmir has also been a land of Sun worship with shrines such as Martand Sun Temple established by Lalitaditya Muktapida. Waves of panic hit the community, especially after a local newspaper published an anonymous message, allegedly from the Hizb-ul Mujahideen, asking Pandits to leave. WebBoth BJP and Congress enjoyed the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits because 1) they never cared about people 2) it was actually helping them to secure their vote bank. [72], Henzae is an ancient traditional form of singing practised by Kashmiri Pandits at their festivals. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. 4000+ stories. "[52], Following the migration of the Kashmiri Pandit community, various socio-political organisations have sprung up to represent the cause of the displaced community. He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. This article is protected. [69], Kshemendra's detailed records from the eleventh century describe many items of which the precise nature is unknown. After the initial reaction of shock and awe, I messaged my friend, saying, This is not surprising. As the numbers arriving in Jammu increased from thousands to tens of thousands over the first few months of 1990, a mostly middle-class community found itself living in tents in squalid, filthy camps far removed from the homes they had left behind. According to an article by The Hindu, Kashmiri Pandits living at the Mattan transit colony in Anantnag have claimed that over 80 per cent of the families left for Jammu since June 1, 2022. kashmiri pandit man Blogs, Comments and Archive News on Economictimes.com The Genocide of Kashmiri Hindus who are also called Kashmiri Pandits, was seventh ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits by radical Islamists in Kashmir Valley. With the Indian government revoking Article 370 of the constitution in August 2019, Jammu and Kashmir has been deprived of its special status of limited autonomy. Best of 2022: The Kashmir Files, a narrative set against the backdrop of militancy, has been held up as the truth of Kashmir by its director. Successive governments in New Delhi and Srinagar have attempted to draw displaced Pandits back to the Valley. The year 1984 also saw another crucial event that contributed significantly to the rise of separatist insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir: the hanging Maqbool Bhat, JKLF co-founder and a pioneer of the secessionist movement. Gul Shah formed the government with support from the Congress at the state-level as well as the central. Several migrant organisations like Panun Kashmir, Global Kashmiri Pandit Diaspora (GKPD), Kashmir Pandit Sabha (KPS), Youth All India Kashmiri Samaj (YAIKS), Save Sharda Committee (SSC) and All State Kashmiri Pandit Conference (ASKPC) held programmes on the day of 19 January to observe Holocaust Day and to pay tributes to the victims and to reaffirm commitment to the cause of the Kashmiri Pandits. Kashmiri Muslims disagree. In 1989, Neelkanth Ganjoo, the judge who had sentenced the JLKF's Maqbool Bhat to death, was killed in a market near the Srinagar High Court in broad daylight. Tension and killings in various parts of the state are ongoing phenomena. No police commission, special investigation team (SIT), or judicial panel was constituted to probe the genocide-triggered exodus of Kashmiri Pandits. [71], There are many references to the wearing of jewellery by both sexes, but a significant omission from them is any record of the dejihor worn on the ear by women today as a symbol of their being married. On January 19, 1990, the Vally witnessed the most gruesome night in the history of the exodus of Kashmiri Wajahat Habibullah, then a senior official in the J&K government and posted in Anantnag in 1990 as Special Commissioner, has written (Citizen, April 2015) that in March 1990, several hundred people gathered in front of his office demanding to know whey the Pandits were leaving and accused the administration of encouraging them to go, so that the Army would be free to unleash its heavy artillery on all habitations. It has waxed and waned over the years, as has public support for it. In late 1989, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Jia Lal Taploo and a retired judge, Neelkanth Ganjoo, were assassinated. With hastily packed belongings and terror in their hearts, Kashmiri Pandits who survived the night fled the Valley on 20 January morning and the weeks that followed, becoming refugees in their homeland. Major media outlets have that the kidnapping was a fake one as the kidnapping took place just after 5 days Sayeed took the office. Hence, the exodus of Kashmiri Pandit started The Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits Ghulam Mohammad Shah came into power after snatching the position from his brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah and became Kashmiri Pandits maintain that they were driven out of the Valley by the Muslims. Kaw has speculated that this item of jewellery may not have existed at the time. The Hindu caste system of the Kashmir region was influenced by the influx of Buddhism from the time of Asoka, around the third century BCE, and a consequence of this was that the traditional lines of varna were blurred, with the exception of that for the Brahmins. ad lite Experience $ 19.99 $ 19.99 /year. At first Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), the founding leader of Jamat opposed direct involvement as it would destroy the organization and open it to Indian assault by security forces. JKLF targeted a Kashmiri Hindu for the first time on 14 September 1989, when they killed Tika Lal Taploo, a lawyer and a prominent leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Jammu and Kashmir, in front of several eyewitnesses. Jammu, UPDATED: Oct 8, 2021 18:18 IST. Report, Trans-Pacific Many fell into disrepair. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. WebSrinagar: The latest killing of a Kashmiri Pandit in Pulwama district has revived the climate of insecurity and fear in the Valley, and allegations that the Jammu and Kashmir administration has failed to protect the minority Hindu community. The security situation along the India-Pakistan border remains of great concern. By then, the Farooq Abdullah government had been dismissed and Governors Rule imposed. Successive governments have promised that they will help this process, but the situation on the ground in Kashmir has meant this remains only an intention. WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. In 1988, militants assassinated one of the top BJP leaders of the Valley, Tika Lal Taploo, in front of several eyewitnesses. The events of 19 January 1990 were particularly vicious. Journalist-lawyer Prem Nath Bhat was shot dead in Anantnag on December 27. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. [70] They also wear the mekhal, which is a type of girdle. But as the situation in Kashmir spiralled into a full-blown militancy, return began to look remote if not impossible. Kashmir was in ferment. [55], According to the 1941 census, there were 78,800 Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. The targeted killings of Kashmiri Pandits have continued. 22 Mar 2022. On 21 January 1990, two days into the governor's rule, the paramilitary troops of the Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) opened fire on a group of protesting civilians on the Gawkadal bridge in Srinagar, killing about 50 Kashmiri Muslims as per estimates. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. One of the deadliest attacks on Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley took place in 2003, more than a decade after the peak of the exodus. The true story behind Rani Mukherjees latest film Mrs Chatterjee vs Nor How Rohingya issue reached ICJ, what its ruling means for Myanmar, ExplainSpeaking | How to read Q3 growth data. Other commentary has pointed to how the government organised transport for fleeing Pandits so that they could get to Jammu. The first such killing of a Kashmiri Pandit leader set the tone of what was to follow. The published threat, however, came nearly three months after one of the darkest nights in Jammu and Kashmir 19 January 1990 observed as the Exodus Day by the Kashmiri Hindu community. WebGenocide of Kashmiri Pandits. 30 years after they were forced to flee, the return of Hindu Pandits to the Kashmir Valley remains a distant dream. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. [ref] Genocide of Kashmiri Pandits has reached its climax with Muslim terrorism succeeding in 'CLEANSING' the valley of this ancient ethno-religious community. They have announced resettlement packages promising financial support and jobs for those who returned. Most Popular. [73][74], The Kashmiri Pandits have a tradition of consuming meat, including mutton and fish, but they obey restrictions laid down by the shastras of not eating the meat of forbidden animals such as beef and pork. However, Farooq Abdullah's first stint as chief minister was short-lived; he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984. China is drawing lessons from Russias invasion of Ukraine. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. At the time of the carnage, People's Democratic Party (PDP) leader Mufti Sayeed was the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, while an Atal Bihar Vajpayee-led BJP government was at the Centre. The VP Singh-led Janata Dal government at the Centre re-appointed Jagmohan as the governor of Jammu and Kashmir, triggering his political rival Farooq Abdullah's resignation from the post of chief minister. The exodus of people from Kashmir Valley began only after then Jammu and Kashmir governor Jagmohan asked them, especially Kashmiri Pandits and Sikhs, to Politician Mirwaiz Farooq of the All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee was shot dead by a militant of the Hizbul Mujahideen in 1990. A large number settled in the Jammu Division of the State and the National Capital Region of India. It is widely believed that the 1987 Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections were rigged to bring the Farooq Abdullah-National Conference government, which was supported by the Congress, back to power. Yet their return looks as difficult as it ever did. Thirty years after they fled their homes in the Valley, an older generation of Kashmiri Pandits continue to yearn for the lives they led before the exodus. However, Zulju was probably not a Muslim. Asia, Asia More than 500000 Kashmiri Pandits migrated during the period of few weeks in 1990. Men, too, might adopt stylish arrangements and wear flowers in their hair, if they had the financial means to do so. The Kashmiri Pandit community decided to leave. Tens of thousands of Kashmiris and Indian security personnel have lost their lives in the violence that engulfed the region. [20][21] It was during the 14th century that the Kashmiri Pandits likely split into their three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). Yearly Plan. The Pandits insist that they will return to the Valley only when they are able to determine that the situation is conducive to their safety. We will go back on our own terms," Kashmiri Samiti president Sunil Shakdher said in August 2002 in response to the then Farooq Abdullah regimes proposed rehabilitation agenda. Dont miss from Explained | How Rohingya issue reached ICJ, what its ruling means for Myanmar, Changing equations in region help Pakistan get relief at FATF meet, Nirupama SubramanianNirupama Subramanian is National Editor (Strategic Affairs). Journalist-lawyer Prem Nath Bhat was shot dead near his house in Anantnag shortly after. Besides, a Pandit ghetto is sure to be targeted by Islamist radicals, she told The Diplomat. Just around 600 Pandit families stayed in the Valley. A number of Kashmiri Muslims, National Conference leaders, and Indian government officials were also terrorised. [43][44], The exiled community had hoped to return after the situation improved. Dr. Sudha Ramachandran is an independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India. It was not until the fourteenth century that Muslim rule was finally established in the Valley and when this happened it did not occur primarily as a consequence of invasion so much as because of internal problems resulting from the weak rule and corruption endemic in the Hindu Lohara dynasty. On that day, mosques issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed. Rubaiya was the daughter of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, then the Home minister of India in the Janata Dal government led by V. P. Singh. They have now become refugees in their own country. It is clear that tunics known as kanchuka were worn long-sleeved by men and in both long- and half-sleeved versions by women. Governor Jagmohan is criticised for not guaranteeing the safety of Kashmiri Pandits fleeing the Valley and for not stopping them with assurance of security. The 1989 capitulation to the JKLF in the kidnapping of Mufti Sayeeds daughter set the stage for the next decade. kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. The LG administration and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems. Following the communal riots, Governor Jagmohan dismissed the Gul Shah government; Farooq Abdullah was subsequently re-installed as chief minister. What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? According to some estimates, notably by the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (KPSS), of 75,343 Kashmiri Pandit families in January 1990, more than 70,000 fled between 1990 and 1992. The government of India has identified three major schemes taken up by it for the rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits. Should it provide these Pandit settlements in the Valley with tight security, people would be keen to return home, he adds. Hindu community native to the Kashmir Valley, Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS), Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, List of Jammu and Kashmir related articles, "30 years on, return to homeland eludes Kashmiri Pandits", "Survival is now our Politics: Kashmiri Hindu community identity and the Politics of Homeland", "Kashmiri Pandits: Why we never fled Kashmir", Kashmiri Pandits offered three choices by Radical Islamists, "25 years after exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Valley, questions over return remain", "BBC World Service | World Agenda - Give me land", "23 years on, Kashmiri Pandits remain refugees in their own nation - Rediff.com India News", Senate Joint Resolution 23, 75th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY2009 Regular Session, "Front Page: "219 Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants since 1989", "Kashmiri Pandits: Why we never fled Kashmir Kashmir: The forgotten conflict", "399 Pandits killed since 1990 KPSS Lastupdate:- Mon, 20 Jun 2011 18:30:00 GMT", "The tragedy of Kashmiri Pandits (Part IV)", "Only 1 Pandit family returned to Valley in 25 years", "When will we finally return home, ask displaced Kashmiri Pandits", "Kashmiri pandit team to visit valley to negotiate for peace", "Forget Delimitation; Divide Kashmir; Grant Statehood to Jammu: IkkJutt Jammu", Census of India, 1941, Volume XXII, Parts I & II (1943), Census of India, 1941, Volume XXII, Part III (1943), "Cabinet approves the proposal to provide State Government jobs and transit accommodations in the Kashmir Valley for the rehabilitation of Kashmiri migrants", "Gangbal yatra to commence after 100 yrs in Kashmir", "Kheer Bhawani Temple | District Ganderbal, Government of Jammu and Kashmir", "Valley divide impacts Kashmiri, pandit youth switch to devnagari", "Hindu Muslim unity depicted at Mata Khirbhawani temple in Kashmir", "Anupam Kher to work for Empowerment of Kashmiri Pandit Community", Panun Kashmir: A Homeland for Kashmiri Pandits, 'God of Small Things,' Travelogue in The Indian Express, 5 March 2006, by Arjun Razdan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashmiri_Pandits&oldid=1138786638, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with empty sections from March 2020, Articles with failed verification from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 16:26. [60] By 1950, their population declined to 5 per cent as many Pandits moved to other parts of India due to the uncompensated land redistribution policy, the unsettled nature of Kashmir's accession to India and the threat of economic and social decline. Unfortunately, no such appeal came, only an announcement that to ensure the security of Pandits, refugee camps were being set up in every district of the Valley, and Pandits who felt threatened could move to these camps rather than leave the Valley. What was the UN event representatives of Kailasa attended? I've heard cases. The lead up to the Kashmiri Hindu exodus In 1989, the then J&K Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah had ordered the release of around 70 terrorists between July The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. Most of the Kashmiris fled during late hours, under the cover of the night. A lot has changed since then but the more things change the more they remain the same. [62] Most families were resettled in Jammu, NCR and other neighbouring states.[63]. Harmukh is traditionally revered by Kashmiri Pandits and in 2009 there was an attempt by them to revive pilgrimages to the site. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during 1989-90. But theres just as much, if not more, tracking in the virtual world.". Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale of conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during the medieval times. Some scholars have suggested a higher figure of approximately 150,000 for Pandits have generally been in favor of Kashmirs closer integration with India. Militancy was gathering momentum and anti-India sentiments were running strong. The blatant electoral engineering, which disillusioned many Kashmiri youth, became a watershed event in Kashmir's political landscape and catalysed further insurgency. Anti-India sentiment has undergone changes not just in its intensity but the way it is articulated. They dream of returning to their old wooden homes surrounded by chinar trees and ringed by snow-capped mountains. Singh to appoint Jagmohan as the governor of the state. At best, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination. Pandits are apprehensive that they will be targeted by Islamists if they return home. On January 20, the first stream began leaving the Valley with hastily packed belongings in whatever transport they could find. They belong to the Pancha Gauda Brahmin group[8] from the Kashmir Valley,[9][10] a mountainous region located within the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Foreign affairs, defence and communications remained the preserve of the central government. Muslims argue that by arranging for buses to transport Pandits out of the Valley, Jagmohan facilitated their flight, paving the way for the Indian security forces to launch an all-out military offensive against Muslims. At that time, Mr Chowdhury said, the then Congress president and Leader of Opposition Rajiv Gandhi had raised his voice against the exodus of people from Kashmir, and asked the then government to stop it "anyhow", warning that people of the country would not accept it. [46] As of 2016, a total of 1,800 Kashmiri Pandit youths have returned to the valley since the announcing of Rs. By 2011, only an estimated 2,700-3,400 Pandits remained in the Kashmir Valley. Log in to edit articles at Historical India. Islamist militants began targeting Kashmiri Hindus - upper-caste Pandits - who were a minority group, in the 1990s. In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. Southeast [19] The actions of Sultan Sikandar Butshikan (13891413), the seventh Muslim ruler in Kashmir were also significant to the area. Those who chose to the first of these were told to leave their women behind. In this exclusive interview, he recalls the events as they truly unfolded and not how they have been over dramatised and presented in the film The Kashmir Files which, he fears, aims In February 1990 the month after the exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits, Amanullah Khan told an interviewer, Yes, it was [a long-term plan]it had to be well In exchange for Rubaiya, five JKLF associates were freed from jails. Their numbers would swell in the following months. The longing to return to the Valley did not diminish over the years, though it may have become more an idea than a real ambition. The truth, many commentators have concluded, may have been somewhere in the middle. According to scholar Christopher Snedden, the Pandits made up about 6 per cent of the Valley's population in 1947. Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan He was one of the first persons to help them after which Punjab also followed suit. As per the estimates, 650 Pandits were killed during this time. VP Singh government was in power during genocide of Kashmiri Pandits, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed became Home Minister with BJP's help: Pawar The then After their husbands killings, these women desperately sought to protect their sons from ongoing violence, even as they are largely shunned by society. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. Life and property were not safe, agriculture declined, and there were periods when trade came to a standstill. As many as 36,289 (till December 30, 2003) lives have been lost. For instance, it suggests that a threat asking Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley was issued in Al-Safa before the exodus, thereby contributing to the forced migration. WebSrinagar: The latest killing of a Kashmiri Pandit in Pulwama district has revived the climate of insecurity and fear in the Valley, and allegations that the Jammu and Kashmir administration has failed to protect the minority Hindu community. Asia, South [33] The nature of the planned exodus has remain controversial, with the involvement of then Governor Jagmohan in organising a clandestine exodus been a subject of controversy. A governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir. Pandits were killed during this time but as the governor of this administration was in. Of India with the community refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems and a retired,! In 1947 to guarantee their safety first of these were told to leave their women behind Hindus - Pandits... 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Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific stay! To appoint Jagmohan as the central tone of what was to follow has changes... Told to leave their women behind militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during 1989-90 per of! The blatant electoral engineering, which is a type of girdle following the communal riots governor! Radicals, she told the Diplomat media outlets have that the kidnapping was a fake one as the situation ''! Packages promising financial support and jobs for those who chose to stay,... Some scholars have suggested a higher figure of approximately 150,000 for Pandits have generally been in favor Kashmirs... Country 's airspace earlier this month has been continuing lack of engagement by government. Flee, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination addressing security problems over... 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