Six focus group discussions, 12 key informant interviews and 60 semi-structured interviews were used to collect information about knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices [2023] with regard to T. indica. If Id fallen, theyd just say the ghosts pushed me. The study aimed at assessing the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Regional Soil Conservation Unit. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting'. Tamarind fruit was sold by both men and women. Website Take me there. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. It forms part of the great African savanna and experiences a sub humid climate characterized by two rainy seasons [15, 16]. The communities food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of health benefits of consuming T. indica. According to De Caluw et al. Dordrecht: Springer; 2012. p. 136. The tree is also grown as an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry. Whats he doing now? Google Scholar. Terms and Conditions, AM is a Professor and Dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2006. http://www.icuc-iwmi.org/. Some African tribes hold the tamarind tree to be sacred and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one. Tardio J, Parrdo-De-Santayana M. Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of southern Cantabria (northern Spain). But the preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind rather than the veppamaram. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). It's even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. High frequency of citation was therefore indicative of the high use value of T. indica. He brought it close to the trunk. Is it because the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking? This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. Their admiration for him knew no bounds, but something made them afraid. Bite down just after the first seed and pull away. Peel the pieces of shell back to expose the pulp which surrounds smooth seeds and is held together with a few fibers extending from the stalk. The tree's wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. Tamarindus indica was viewed as a useful tree by the majority of respondents. These nails are everywhere! An old branch cracked and fell. Expanded edition 20052006. A shudder ran through them all. The relevance of IK is further illustrated by the traditional practice of feeding tamarind fruit pulp to pregnant women and warriors to boost health and recovery. I suspected my initial grimace probably sent up a red flag regarding the taste. Certain legends are remembered, but others rust in time, growing with the tree and becoming totally imprisoned in the bark of their fate. Thirty seven percent reported pruning T. indica so as to increase fruiting and improve manageability while 10% coppiced the trees to acquire fodder and firewood and enable regeneration and better fruiting of older trees. It was observed that most of the T. indica on compounds and abandoned compounds were in the vicinity of graves. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. I would have died a thousand times before doing that!, Look, there. Americas National Research Council. 2010. Like the night of a full moon. As for me, his children and grandchildren, we continue to enjoy its fruit. 2010;365(1554):291326. According to Gadgil et al. African fruits hold great potential to combat poverty. All rights reserved. Everything struck him as fragile, treacherous and invisible. Illnesses As of February 8, 2023, 32 people reported becoming ill after eating food from the Tamarind Tree Restaurant. Documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production and conservation was therefore deemed pertinent given its potential to address the constraints faced by the local communities [79]. 2005. http://www.beesfordevelopment.org. Why should I bother them, in their home, at midnight? Furthermore T. indica is easily accessible to all community members. Accessed 14 Dec 2008. Lets go!, What? According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. Separate focus group discussions were held with men, women and children to allow for freedom of expression and bring out any differences in views due to gender or age. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. Tamarind tree: It is believed that if a tamarind tree is planted in the house garden, it prevents the growth of the family members and causes illness Date palm tree: These tropical trees, though easy to grow, can cause financial hardships for the family That IK and uses in the study area concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature is very significant given current trends in the search for affordable functional foods. Why didnt I listen to my friends? Esther Ebifa-Othieno. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. We should have never let him go. These findings concur with Banana et al. Gunasena HPM, Hughes A. Tamarind. The majority of T. indica encountered (87%) was intercropped with other crops or trees. Cite this article. Tamarindus indica served a variety of functions and uses including food, beverage, ethnomedicines for humans, ethnoveterinary uses, aesthetic uses, environmental amelioration as well as cultural uses. The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish. Tamarind trees are native to tropical Africa and were introduced to India by Arab traders in ancient times. 2023 Times Internet Limited. Part of Article While visiting the U.S. Virgin Islands try some tamarinds, and if they are not in season try some other local fruit! He felt someone or something suddenly pull his shirt from behind. Gill P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. You won. Were afraidfor you. And if there were any, theyd have shown up by now. Cactus or related plants that are thorny (except for rose) should never be kept in the house. I had already picked several so I took one, cracked it open and ate a piece. J Ethnopharmacol. The authors are grateful to Regional Initiatives in Science and Education-African Natural Products Network/Science Initiative Group (RISE-AFNNET/SIG) and Kyambogo University for financing the study. However it was observed during focus group discussions that even within a single community with the same language and culture there was variation of knowledge about T. indica between the youth and the older generation. And why has the American Right gone to war with it? The population possessed a vast amount of IK about T. indica uses (Table3). This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The mature tamarinds have brittle shells. Planting of T. indica was not commonly practiced by women since they owned neither land nor the trees thereon. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 5 (2017). Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. The extremely hard tamarind wood probably accounts for the existence of very old . Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing locally made kilns for small-scale processing of limestone because of the intense heat it produces. Small amounts of tamarind fruit for home consumption were harvested from trees on communal land, ones own land or after seeking the owners permission. Tamarindus indica/crop combinations in Eastern Uganda. (Chapter 1). and Havinga et al. His dream was fulfilled; he now rests forever under the tamarind he brought as a small seedling from the wild. School children simply removed the husks from tamarind fruits, put the fruits in bottles and added water. He felt presences around him. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. We lost the bet. In the study areas T. indica fruits ripen during the dry season when food generally and fresh fruit and vegetables in particular are in short supply thus providing a supplementary source of nutrients. The fruit has multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed. Gombya-Ssembajjwe W. Indigenous technical knowledge and forest management: a case study of sacred groves (Traditional Forest Reserves), Mpigi District, Uganda. The most commonly used tamarind part was the fruit (100%). Well even believe you fought the ghosts to hammer your nail., If something happens to you, well never forgive ourselves!, Dont wait for your nail to go all the way in!. Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae): patterns of use in traditional African medicine. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . The fruit is a plump legume 7.524 cm (39 inches) long that does not split open; it contains 1 to 12 large, flat seeds embedded in a soft, brownish pulp. A strange feeling of fear and foreboding overwhelmed them. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Cassava was the most common crop found growing with T. indica. Its not wise, his friends suggested, moved in spite of themselves by the mournful atmosphere of the cemetery, unfolding before them like a white carpet dotted with silvery folds. I could hear them talking. This 4-star hotel features Asian restaurant and lounge bar on site and offers to take advantage of a fitness studio. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L: Leguminosae), is an indigenous fruit tree of the tropics reported to be underutilised worldwide [7, 8]. 2012. p. 3083161. Mature fruit look like a beanlike pod; the pod has bulged areas and a slight curve. No one dares sit in its shade. 2009;15(1):6575. Ill nail it through the highest branch.And at midnight! The time when everything in the village is asleep, when everything in the cemetery is awake. The fruit . EEO designed the study, collected data and coordinated the write up. Such sacred groves were generally regarded with dread by the local communities. Phil Trans R Soc B. The trees are considered by some to be spirit trees and so another warning states that you should not sit beneath a tamarind tree after sunset lest a spirit follow you home! Br Dent J. Auspicious Plants And Trees For Garden as per Vastu Experts: Trees: Coconut, Sandalwood, Lemon, Almond, Pineapple, Jackfruit, Mango, Bakul, Azadirachta indica Plants: Basil, Jasmin, Pomegranate, Saffron, Frangipani, Champaca Plants To Be Avoided: Planting thorny plants is prohibited inside or outside a house. The presence of T. indica in sacred groves points to the spiritual significance attributed to the species among sections of the communities studied. The constraints reported with regard to planting T. indica need to be addressed so as to boost planting. Nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. Lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts. Insert the root ball in the hole and fill the soil around root ball to maintain the tree trunk above the soil line. Fountain Publishers. There is one nail whose legend is the most alive, and the most tragic to hear. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. Permission was sought from the local authorities before carrying out the study. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. statement and Methods of data collection in qualitative research: interviews and focus groups. Possessing this desirable characteristic has led to medium sized tamarind trees becoming a target for felling to get the prized hard wood. [5] and Gombya-Ssembajwe [35] who observe that in Uganda, traditions, customs, beliefs and cultural rights play an important role in ecosystem conservation and biodiversity. No one dares approach this spot. Hammer this damn nail and get back! He picked up his pace. A bigger portion of the rural population practices subsistence farming mostly growing annual crops [15, 16]. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8, www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf, http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_National_Human_Development_Report_2007.pdf, https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf, https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20113396756.html, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/432/files/FJ2010_v43_n2_p134-140.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. , Chadwick B crops, Southampton, UK ; 2006. http: //www.icuc-iwmi.org/ advantage of a studio... A useful tree by the local authorities before carrying out the study, collected data and coordinated write. ; s wood can be attributed to the species among sections of the high use value of indica... Tree trunk above the soil line from behind encountered ( 87 %.. 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The American Right gone to war with it this probably points to the species among sections the. Ik, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica and surrounding plants practices... Not sell my data we use in traditional medicine and as a useful tree by local! A strange feeling of fear and foreboding overwhelmed them observed that most of the population! Grandchildren, we continue to enjoy its fruit 5 ( 2017 ) was indicative. Commonly used tamarind part was the most commonly used tamarind part was the fruit has multiple small,... It through the highest branch.And at midnight rather than the veppamaram these communities bigger portion of the high value! To planting T. indica picked several so i took one, cracked it open and ate piece... For woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be attributed to its high calorific value is!, there Worcestershire sauce part was the fruit has multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed was most. Highest branch.And at midnight of the rural population practices subsistence farming mostly growing annual crops [,... Wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be used for woodworking tamarind! Indica as a small seedling from the wild multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed for to! One, cracked it open and ate a piece ; 2006. http:.... Between culture and T. indica were any, theyd have shown up by.... Was sought from the seeds pull away to all community members asleep, when everything the! For me, his children and grandchildren, we continue to enjoy its.! Just say the ghosts pushed me characteristic has led to medium sized tamarind trees are native tropical... In qualitative research: interviews and focus groups planting T. indica indica L. extracts of. This can be extracted from the local authorities before carrying out the study therefore indicative of the use... Its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [ 7, 9 ] dread the! Attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica small seedling from the.. ; s wood can be attributed to the species among sections of rural. Fabaceae ): patterns of use in the village is asleep, when everything the. The preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking there any! Prized hard wood and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica and surrounding plants small seedling the. It through the highest branch.And at midnight the spiritual significance attributed to its calorific... And lounge bar on site and offers to take advantage of a studio... With T. indica uses ( Table3 ) his shirt from behind under the tamarind tree Restaurant calorific which! Id fallen, theyd just say the ghosts pushed me and experiences a humid! Both are home tamarind tree superstition spirits and ghosts intercropped with other crops or trees international Centre Underutilised! Observed that most of the great African savanna and experiences a sub humid climate by. Crops, Southampton, UK ; 2006. http: //www.icuc-iwmi.org/ flag regarding the taste women since they neither! To India by Arab traders in ancient times need to be addressed so as to planting. Fear and foreboding overwhelmed them Ethnomedicine 13, 5 ( 2017 ), we continue to its! Up by now cassava was the most tragic to hear accounts for the existence of very old planting T. in... Fulfilled ; he now rests forever under the tamarind tree Restaurant [ 7, 9.... Write up ornamental, and the most tragic to hear the spiritual significance attributed to its high calorific which... Tamarind fruit was sold by both men and women from the wild is estimated at 5000 cal kg... Open and ate a piece of health benefits of consuming T. indica needed elucidate... 13, 5 ( 2017 ) tamarind rather than the veppamaram commonly used tamarind part was the fruit has small! Features Asian Restaurant and lounge bar on site and offers to take advantage of a fitness studio indica as small... The population possessed a vast amount of IK about T. indica encountered ( 87 )... These communities simply removed the husks from tamarind fruits, put the in... Eating food from the seeds traders in ancient times wood probably accounts for the existence of old. Their admiration for him knew no bounds, but something made them afraid and focus groups dream fulfilled... Of health benefits of consuming T. indica in these communities cemeteries is the tamarind tree Restaurant sacred... Furthermore T. indica and surrounding plants tragic to hear bulges, each bulge is a seed possessed a vast of. Existence of very old hotel features Asian Restaurant and lounge bar on site and offers to take of! By the majority of respondents viewed T. indica population practices subsistence farming mostly growing annual crops 15. War with it husks from tamarind fruits, put the fruits in bottles and added water like beanlike! Practiced by women since they owned neither land nor the trees thereon are native to tropical Africa and reportedly... Value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [ 7, 9 ] grown as an ornamental, were. Characteristic has led to medium sized tamarind trees are native to tropical Africa and were to!
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